Why is high genetic variation significant for a species?

High genetic variation is significant for a species because it increases the ability to survive and reproduce over time. This diversity within a population allows for a wider range of traits and adaptations, enhancing the species' ability to respond to environmental changes, disease, and other challenges. When a population has high genetic variation, some individuals are more likely to possess traits that enable them to thrive in changing conditions or to resist pathogens. This variation creates resilience, leading to greater chances of survival and reproductive success, ultimately contributing to the species' long-term viability.

In contrast, uniformity within the population can lead to vulnerability, as similar genetic traits might mean that if the environment changes or a new disease emerges, the entire population could be affected similarly. A species with low genetic variation may be more susceptible to extinction because it lacks the adaptability that comes from a diverse genetic pool. Limiting the range of traits restricts the potential for evolution and adaptation, making it harder for a species to endure over time.