Which of the following is a cause of increased species diversity?

Increased species diversity can often be attributed to factors that promote variation and adaptability within ecosystems. Reproductive isolation occurs when populations of the same species are separated, leading to distinct evolutionary paths. This separation allows for mutations to accumulate in each population over time, resulting in new traits and, eventually, the development of new species. This process enhances genetic diversity within those populations, contributing to overall biodiversity.

Mutations provide the raw material for evolution by introducing genetic variation. When combined with reproductive isolation, they can lead to the emergence of multiple species from a common ancestor. As a result, environments that foster these conditions are likely to exhibit increased species diversity.

In contrast, habitat loss, degradation, pollution, invasive species, habitat fragmentation, and overfishing tend to have negative impacts on biodiversity, leading to decreased species numbers rather than promoting diversity. These factors disrupt ecosystems, often resulting in the decline or extinction of native species. Therefore, the correct choice highlights processes that support the growth of species diversity rather than detrimental environmental changes.