Which factor is considered a major threat to biodiversity?

The answer identifies climate change and urban development as significant threats to biodiversity, and this is accurate because both factors have profound and interlinked impacts on ecosystems and species.

Climate change alters environmental conditions, such as temperature and rainfall patterns, which can lead to habitat loss, shifts in species distributions, and increased extinction rates. Species that cannot adapt quickly enough to these changes may become endangered or extinct, disrupting ecosystem balance and function. Additionally, climate change can exacerbate other stressors such as habitat fragmentation and pollution.

Urban development, on the other hand, directly reduces biodiversity by transforming natural habitats into urban landscapes. This process includes deforestation, land conversion for agriculture, and the construction of infrastructure, which can lead to habitat fragmentation and loss. Urban areas often create barriers that isolate populations, making it difficult for species to find mates or resources, ultimately leading to decreased genetic diversity and higher vulnerability to extinction.

By recognizing that both climate change and urban development contribute to the decline of biodiversity, this answer encapsulates a more comprehensive understanding of the threats faced by ecosystems today. It highlights the interconnectedness of various environmental issues and emphasizes the need for integrated approaches in conservation efforts.