What is genetic diversity?

Genetic diversity refers specifically to the variation in genetic traits within a species. This diversity is crucial for the survival and adaptability of a population, as it influences traits such as resistance to diseases, adaptability to changing environments, and overall resilience against extinction. A population with high genetic diversity is more likely to thrive when faced with challenges such as climate change, habitat loss, or new pathogens, since a greater variety of genetic traits can enhance the odds that some individuals will possess advantageous traits.

The other options address different ecological concepts. While the number of ecosystems in a region pertains to ecosystem diversity, the range of habitats available relates to habitat diversity. The total number of genes in an ecosystem is an inaccurate description of genetic diversity, as ecosystems encompass not just genetic variation, but also interactions among species and the environment. Thus, genetic diversity specifically highlights the genetic variations within a single species, making it essential for understanding biodiversity and conservation efforts.