What is a trophic cascade?

A trophic cascade is an ecological phenomenon that occurs when changes at the top of a food web, typically the removal or addition of top predators, significantly impact the structure and function of the ecosystem further down the food chain. When top predators are removed, for example, herbivore populations may increase unchecked, which can lead to overgrazing of plant life and ultimately degrade the habitat. Conversely, the reintroduction of predators can help stabilize these herbivore populations, allowing plant communities to thrive and consequently benefiting the entire ecosystem.

Understanding trophic cascades is crucial in conservation and ecosystem management, as it highlights the importance of top predators in maintaining the balance within their ecological communities. This concept illustrates the interconnectedness of species and how the loss of one group can have far-reaching effects on others, promoting a healthier ecosystem.