What are biological invasions characterized by?

Biological invasions are characterized primarily by the introduction of non-native species that disrupt ecosystems. When a species is introduced to a new environment, especially one where it has no natural predators or controls, it can flourish and outcompete local species for resources such as food, space, and nutrients. This can lead to significant changes in the existing ecosystem dynamics, often resulting in native species being pushed out or declining in number, which can ultimately alter habitat structure and function.

The consequences of these invasions can be profound, affecting biodiversity, ecosystem services, and even human activities. Non-native species can introduce diseases, change nutrient cycling, and alter food webs, leading to cascading impacts on local flora and fauna. Understanding the nature and implications of biological invasions is crucial in conservation biology and environmental management. This highlights the importance of monitoring and managing species introductions to protect native biodiversity.